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Current phase of alert in the WHO global influenza preparedness plan

Pandemic preparedness

In the 2009 revision of the phase descriptions, WHO has retained the use of a six-phased approach for easy incorporation of new recommendations and approaches into existing national preparedness and response plans. The grouping and description of pandemic phases have been revised to make them easier to understand, more precise, and based upon observable phenomena. Phases 1–3 correlate with preparedness, including capacity development and response planning activities, while Phases 4–6 clearly signal the need for response and mitigation efforts. Furthermore, periods after the first pandemic wave are elaborated to facilitate post pandemic recovery activities.

The current WHO phase of pandemic alert is 5.

In nature, influenza viruses circulate continuously among animals, especially birds. Even though such viruses might theoretically develop into pandemic viruses, in Phase 1 no viruses circulating among animals have been reported to cause infections in humans.

In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a potential pandemic threat.

In Phase 3, an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for example, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. However, limited transmission under such restricted circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic.

Phase 4 is characterized by verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause “community-level outbreaks.” The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a community marks a significant upwards shift in the risk for a pandemic. Any country that suspects or has verified such an event should urgently consult with WHO so that the situation can be jointly assessed and a decision made by the affected country if implementation of a rapid pandemic containment operation is warranted. Phase 4 indicates a significant increase in risk of a pandemic but does not necessarily mean that a pandemic is a forgone conclusion.

Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region. While most countries will not be affected at this stage, the declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short.

Phase 6, the pandemic phase, is characterized by community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5. Designation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under way.

During the post-peak period, pandemic disease levels in most countries with adequate surveillance will have dropped below peak observed levels. The post-peak period signifies that pandemic activity appears to be decreasing; however, it is uncertain if additional waves will occur and countries will need to be prepared for a second wave.

Previous pandemics have been characterized by waves of activity spread over months. Once the level of disease activity drops, a critical communications task will be to balance this information with the possibility of another wave. Pandemic waves can be separated by months and an immediate “at-ease” signal may be premature.

In the post-pandemic period, influenza disease activity will have returned to levels normally seen for seasonal influenza. It is expected that the pandemic virus will behave as a seasonal influenza A virus. At this stage, it is important to maintain surveillance and update pandemic preparedness and response plans accordingly. An intensive phase of recovery and evaluation may be required.

source : http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/phase/en/index.html

Do not ignore if you are excessively sleepy.

If you feel excessively sleepy, which comes repeatedly, especially when accompanied halusinasi, then you may be exposed to symptoms of “narcolepsy”. There are still many people in Indonesia who ignore family members, if a condition like this. Narcolepsy is not death, but can reduce the quality of life.

What is narcolepsy?

Narcolepsy is a neurological condition most characteristized by Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS). A narcoleptic will most likely experience disturbed nocturnal sleep, which is often confused with insomnia, and disorder of REM or rapid eye movement sleep. It is one of the dyssomnias. A narcoleptic may also sleep at any random time.

“One of the 2000 Indonesia narkolepsi suffering, and most of them caused by the descent,” said Effy Afifah, S. Kep. M. Kes cited by Gloria Daniela Pasaribu, the magazine of the Student Voice UI. The small number is due to the many people who do not realize that the sleep disturbances they experience is narcolepsy.

How do the symptoms?

Characteristic of narcolepsy is excessive nod, even though sleep has enough time on the night. One of narcolepsy can fall asleep suddenly, anywhere at any time and the time.

In everyday language, narcolepsy can be said as a sudden attack of sleep, regardless of the place. Difficult to keep people with drowsiness, even when doing activities. Therefore, people with narcolepsy often labeled faineant, carpenters and sleep, as always nod and understaffed.

Narcolepsy is not dangerous to sufferer’s health, but can be dangerous to themselves or others. Imagine, if you fall asleep while cooking, or doze at the wheel is in the condition.

Unfortunately at this time until the drug is only to reduce the symptoms and not cure.

What if you have any family that suffers narcolepsy?

Needed all the support the family, also friends near them to support. Close friend can help patients, who often fell asleep is not in the right place, for example, is awaiting study. If this is left, then people will be behind the subjects, because they often have a dream to follow lectures, and falling asleep at the bench outside the lecture hall. If people can come in the place of study is right, even though falling asleep while studying, then the patient can still take lessons, although not as effective as his friends are normal. However, at a certain time, people can be like normal people, learning to hold a night job.

People can support the family, ask the course schedule, scheduled tasks and events every day, making it easier for monitoring, and reminding people to help build up if it’s time to leave for college. Support teachers, lecturers, to understand the patient is very important, so that patients can perform activities as college student to normal.

Is people with narcolepsy can live normal?

The answer is “yes.” Around me, at the time of course, in the family environment, I know some people with narcolepsy. When I was a student, this term has not been accustomed. I have close friends, that every hour lecture always asleep.

So, at the time of the teaching faculty who are very disciplined (or vicious), earlier Sahabatku always sit diapit friends close … that works for each time pinch hands if he has shown symptoms of slumber. How can be hand turn completed study. If he is good lecturers often melorot directly from the seat, and sleep under the benches course, be covered by a friend sitting right on the left that is not seen by the lecturer. He is suffering, and complain at the time his father, his father also said that if not more busy in the office often sleepy.

Practical, every day my friend borrow lecture notes from friends, because if forced to write, the contents of lecture notes can be funny-funny. Where is he now? After a degree and work, he was married … and now have a master degree, and became an officer in the Department of terrace. When met, I ask … “if love is still sleepy?” He said, that after the birth of children, the drowse be reduced.

source : http://multiply.com/gi/bestfriendbestfriend:journal:140